History of Varanasi: The Spiritual Heart of Ancient India
Varanasi, also known as Kashi or Banaras, is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, with a history spanning over 3,000 years . Located on the banks of the Ganges River in Uttar Pradesh, India, it has long been a center of Hindu spirituality and culture.
Deepak Kumar
19 events
Silk Banarasi trademark registered to protect handloom industry
The Uttar Pradesh State Sericulture Cooperative Federation registered 'Silk Banarasi' as a trademark to authenticate and promote Varanasi's handloom-woven silk products globally, supporting local artisans.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple corridor inaugurated by PM Modi
The Kashi Vishwanath Corridor project, aimed at enhancing pilgrim access between the temple and the Ganges River, was inaugurated, reflecting efforts to modernize religious infrastructure while preserving heritage.
Establishment of Ganga Darpan Centre in Sarnath
The Ganga Darpan Interpretation Centre was established in Sarnath, Varanasi, to promote biodiversity education and river conservation. Developed under the Namami Gange project, the centre features interactive exhibits and a 3D model of the Ganga River, attracting over 20,000 visitors.
Varanasi Metro project proposed to improve urban mobility
A proposal for a light rail transit system in Varanasi was introduced to address traffic congestion and improve public transportation, reflecting the city's modernization efforts.
Kashiyatra festival established at IIT (BHU)
Kashiyatra, the annual socio-cultural festival of IIT (BHU), was established, becoming one of India's largest college festivals. It showcases a blend of traditional and contemporary arts, attracting participants nationwide.
Kashi Vidyapith established during non-cooperation movement
In response to Mahatma Gandhi's call for non-cooperation with British institutions, Kashi Vidyapith was founded as an independent educational institution promoting Indian nationalism and self-reliance.
Establishment of Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
Founded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, BHU became one of Asia's largest residential universities, promoting education in Indian culture, science, and technology, and playing a role in the independence movement.
Annie Besant founds Central Hindu College
Theosophist Annie Besant established the Central Hindu College in Varanasi, aiming to blend traditional Indian education with modern scientific knowledge. The college later became a foundational part of Banaras Hindu University.
Nepali Mandir construction completed
The Nepali Mandir, a replica of Kathmandu's Pashupatinath Temple, was completed in Varanasi. Commissioned by King Rana Bahadur Shah of Nepal during his exile, the temple showcases traditional Nepali architecture.
Jonathan Duncan establishes Sanskrit College in Varanasi
Jonathan Duncan, the British Resident of Benares, founded the Sanskrit College to promote the study of Hindu scriptures and philosophy. This institution played a crucial role in preserving and disseminating traditional Indian knowledge.
Varanasi becomes part of British India under the Treaty of Faizabad
The Treaty of Faizabad transferred control of Varanasi to the British East India Company, integrating the city into the colonial administrative framework and altering its political landscape.
Aurangzeb orders demolition of Vishweshwar Temple; Gyanvapi Mosque constructed
Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb ordered the demolition of the Vishweshwar Temple, leading to the construction of the Gyanvapi Mosque on its site. This act intensified religious tensions and remains a point of contention.
Reconstruction of temples under Mughal Emperor Akbar
Emperor Akbar, known for his policy of religious tolerance, facilitated the reconstruction of Hindu temples in Varanasi, including efforts by Raja Man Singh and Raja Todar Mal to rebuild the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple demolished by Muhammad of Ghor
The original Kashi Vishwanath Temple was destroyed during Muhammad of Ghor's invasion, leading to a period of decline in Varanasi's prominence as a Hindu religious center.
Gahadavala dynasty establishes Varanasi as a capital
Chandradeva, founder of the Gahadavala dynasty, made Varanasi a second capital, leading to a period of prosperity and cultural development. The dynasty's patronage contributed to the city's architectural and religious significance.
First Islamic incursion by Ahmad Nialtagin
Ahmad Nialtagin, a subordinate of Mahmud Ghazni, launched a raid on Varanasi, looting markets and causing destruction. This marked the beginning of a series of Islamic incursions that impacted the city's religious and cultural landscape.
Xuanzang documents Varanasi as a major religious center
The Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang visited Varanasi and described it as a flourishing center of religion and learning, with numerous temples and monasteries. His accounts provide valuable insights into the city's significance during the 7th century.
Gautama Buddha delivers his first sermon at Sarnath
After attaining enlightenment, Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, near Varanasi, marking the beginning of the Buddhist Sangha. This event established the region as a pivotal site in Buddhist history.
Varanasi emerges as a spiritual center in the Vedic era
Varanasi, also known as Kashi, is mentioned in the Rigveda, indicating its significance as a spiritual hub in ancient India. The city became a center for learning and religious activities, attracting sages and scholars.
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